Graders employ mechanical transmission or a hydraulic-mechanical transmission system with a hydraulic torque converter; a few also use a hydraulic transmission system.
Hydraulic Torque Converter
The pump impeller in the pump impeller assembly is bolted to the drive housing, and the drive gear is also bolted to the drive housing. The drive gear is directly inserted into the engine flywheel ring gear, so the pump impeller rotates with the engine. The guide wheel is bolted to the guide wheel hub, which is connected to the guide wheel seat via a spline. The guide wheel seat is then bolted to the torque converter housing; therefore, the guide wheel and torque converter housing together do not rotate. The turbine and turbine hub are riveted together and then connected to the turbine output shaft via a spline. The turbine output shaft is connected to a coupling via a spline, transmitting power to the subsequent transmission system.
Clutch
There are five clutches. The cylinder bodies of clutches 1 through 4 are bolted to the end covers and are stationary. When the space between the cylinder and the piston is filled with pressurized oil, the pressurized oil builds up oil pressure under the condition of exceeding the planned seal and pushes the piston to press the friction plate, thus fixing the gear ring.
